A contemporary review of enzymatic applications in the remediation of emerging estrogenic compounds

The occurrence of emerging contaminants, such as estrogens, in secondary and tertiary treated effluents sewage-impacted water bodies is one the major obstacles to implementation reuse. This review critically evaluates performance process enzymatic degradation its efficiency. data collected from peer-review literature show that enzymes have been extensively applied (in both free immobilized form) estrogen removal. Amongst others, use laccase a catalyst provides over 90% removal estrogens. Immobilized can overcome some limitations biocatalysts, including reusability. Research evidence points formation by-products, dimers trimers. Nevertheless, estrogenic activity assessment indicates reduction toxicity after enzyme treatment. cost stability enzymes, well their real wastewater matrix, are processes Continued endeavors required enhance successful application treatment industry.HighlightsProcesses enzyme-supported conversion estrogens reviewed discussed.Laccase most commonly achieves removal.Immobilization suggested an effective tool for enhancement removal.Dimers trimers identified main bioconversion products estrogens.Existing research gaps highlighted future recommendations provided.